[17] The city's name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology. The Musée de l'Orangerie, near both the Louvre and the Orsay, also exhibits Impressionists and Post-Impressionists, including most of Claude Monet's large Water Lilies murals. Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. There are also notable museums devoted to individual artists, including the Musée Picasso, the Musée Rodin and the Musée national Eugène Delacroix. Supporters of the government won the June elections by a large majority. It hosts the French national football team for friendlies and major tournaments qualifiers, annually hosts the French national rugby team's home matches of the Six Nations Championship, and hosts several important matches of the Stade Français rugby team. [93] On 20 April, a man fatally shot a French police officer on the Champs-Élysées, and was later shot dead himself. When inner-city burials were condemned from 1786, the contents of all Paris' parish cemeteries were transferred to a renovated section of Paris's stone mines outside the "Porte d'Enfer" city gate, today place Denfert-Rochereau in the 14th arrondissement. The Paris region is the most active water transport area in France, with most of the cargo handled by Ports of Paris in facilities located around Paris. [241] It is also a city of small bookstores. Paul Delouvrier promised to resolve the Paris-suburbs mésentente when he became head of the Paris region in 1961:[151] two of his most ambitious projects for the Region were the construction of five suburban "villes nouvelles" ("new cities")[152] and the RER commuter train network. Striking examples of 20th-century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie by various architects (1986), the Arab World Institute by Jean Nouvel (1987), the Louvre Pyramid by I. M. Pei (1989) and the Opéra Bastille by Carlos Ott (1989). [223] The work of Étienne-Jules Marey in the 1880s contributed considerably to the development of modern photography. Statista. [92] On 18 March of the same year, in a Vitry-sur-Seine bar, a man held patrons hostage, then fled to later hold a gun to the head of an Orly Airport French soldier, shouting "I am here to die in the name of Allah", and was shot dead by the soldier's comrades. Corporate solution including all features. [148], On the night of 8–9 February 2019, during a period of cold weather, a Paris NGO conducted its annual citywide count of homeless persons. Every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris. [30], Clovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. [225] Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité,[132] while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. [279] There are three public libraries in the 4th arrondissement. [195], In 2018, Paris was the most expensive city in the world with Singapore and Hong Kong. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. The highest recorded temperature is 42.6 °C (108.7 °F) on 25 July 2019,[107] and the lowest is −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F) on 10 December 1879. January 14, 2020. Paris did not become the acknowledged capital of French literature until the 17th century, with authors such as Boileau, Corneille, La Fontaine, Molière, Racine, several coming from the provinces, as well as the foundation of the Académie française. They introduced Parisians to the music of Claude Luter, Boris Vian, Sydney Bechet, Mezz Mezzrow, and Henri Salvador. Since the 19th century, Paris has been an international fashion capital, particularly in the domain of haute couture (clothing hand-made to order for private clients). ", | Where we are | publisher oecd.org | accessed on 30 August 2016, "La Défense, Europe's largest business district", "Île-de-France Region – Complete dossier", "EMP2 – Emplois au lieu de travail par sexe, statut et secteur d'activité économique – Région d'Île-de-France (11)", "En Île-de-France, 39 poles d'emploi structurent l'economie régionale", "L'Île-de-France, une des régions les plus riches d'Europe", "Estimation de population au 1er janvier, par région, sexe et grande classe d'âge", "Produits Intérieurs Bruts Régionaux (PIBR) en valeur en millions d'euros", "L'Industrie en Île-de-France, Principaux Indicateurs Régionaux", "Classement.Singapour, Hong Kong, Paris : le trio des villes les plus chères du monde", "Station F, the world's largest startup campus opens in Paris", "Département de Paris (75056) – Dossier complet", "Île-de-France – A la Page Nº288 – INSEE 2007", "Emplois au lieu de travail – Département de Paris (75)", "EMP2 – Emplois au lieu de travail par sexe, statut et secteur d'activité économique – Département de la Seine-Saint-Denis (93)", "EMP2 – Emplois au lieu de travail par sexe, statut et secteur d'activité économique – Département des Hauts-de-Seine (92)", "Arrondissement municipal de Paris 19e Arrondissement (75119)", "Arrondissement municipal de Paris 7e Arrondissement (75107)", "Structure et distribution des revenus, inégalité des niveaux de vie en 2013", "Neighborhoods of Paris with more than 40 percent living below poverty line", "The World's Most-Visited City Is Bangkok", "Saint-Denis Basilica, royal necropolis of France", "Global ranking of manufacturers of luxury goods", "Indicateurs départementaux et régionaux sur les diplômes et la formation en 2009", "At These Parisian Landmarks, Shhh Is the Word", "Métro2030, notre nouveau métro de Paris", "Bulletin statistique, trafic aérien commercial – année 2014", "Histoire d'Aéroports de Paris de 1945 à 1981", "Air passenger transport between the main airports of France and their main partner airports (routes data)", "International intra-EU air passenger transport by main airports in each reporting country and EU partner country", "International extra-EU air passenger transport by main airports in each reporting country and partner world regions and countries", "Paris to be heated with US wood pellets", "Les célébrités du cimetière du Père Lachaise à Paris", "Roma – Relazioni Internazionali Bilaterali", "Hey, is San Francisco Really a "Sister City" of Paris, France? The basketball team Levallois Metropolitans plays some of its games at the 4,000 capacity Stade Pierre de Coubertin. No, Not At All – Here's Why", "Hanoi strengthens ties with Ile-de-France", "Les contours d'une population susceptible d'être musulmane d'après la filiation", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paris&oldid=978375453, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Source 2: Weather Atlas (percent sunshine and UV Index), This page was last edited on 14 September 2020, at 14:57. Paris has an extensive road network with over 2,000 km (1,243 mi) of highways and motorways. [272] Most of the major fashion designers have their showrooms along the Avenue Montaigne, between the Champs-Élysées and the Seine. [176] French census data does not contain information about religious affiliation. The Commune held power for two months, until it was harshly suppressed by the French army during the "Bloody Week" at the end of May 1871. Following the motto "Only Paris is worthy of Rome; only Rome is worthy of Paris";[135] the only sister city of Paris is Rome, although Paris has partnership agreements with many other cities around the world. Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, based on September 2016 data, retrieved July 2017. [253] Other singers—of similar style—include Maurice Chevalier, Charles Aznavour, Yves Montand, as well as Charles Trenet. Several foreign-born composers, such as Frédéric Chopin (Poland), Franz Liszt (Hungary), Jacques Offenbach (Germany), Niccolò Paganini (Italy), and Igor Stravinsky (Russia), established themselves or made significant contributions both with their works and their influence in Paris. Other famous Paris music halls include Le Lido, on the Champs-Élysées, opened in 1946; and the Crazy Horse Saloon, featuring strip-tease, dance and magic, opened in 1951. [74][75], In May 1968, protesting students occupied the Sorbonne and put up barricades in the Latin Quarter. The mayor is Anne Hidalgo, a socialist, first elected 5 April 2014[114] and re-elected 28 June 2020. In your browser settings you can configure or disable this, respectively, and can delete any already placed cookies. [65] In the years after the war, known as Les Années Folles, Paris continued to be a mecca for writers, musicians and artists from around the world, including Ernest Hemingway, Igor Stravinsky, James Joyce, Josephine Baker, Eva Kotchever, Henry Miller, Anaïs Nin, Sidney Bechet[66] Allen Ginsberg[67] and the surrealist Salvador Dalí. A luxury restaurant, La Taverne Anglaise, opened in 1786 in the arcades of the Palais-Royal by Antoine Beauvilliers; it featured an elegant dining room, an extensive menu, linen tablecloths, a large wine list and well-trained waiters; it became a model for future Paris restaurants. [51], Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. After months of blockade, hunger, and then bombardment by the Prussians, the city was forced to surrender on 28 January 1871. Real bistros are increasingly rare in Paris, due to rising costs, competition from cheaper ethnic restaurants, and different eating habits of Parisian diners. [199] Fourteen percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants and other services to individuals. The Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside the public university structure. In the 20th century, the cafés of the Left Bank, especially Café de la Rotonde and Le Dôme Café in Montparnasse and Café de Flore and Les Deux Magots on Boulevard Saint Germain, all still in business, were important meeting places for painters, writers and philosophers. [104] In winter, sunshine is scarce; days are cool, and nights are cold but generally above freezing with low temperatures around 3 °C (37 °F). In 2015, with 16.12 overnight stays per capita, Paris occupied the first place of the cities with the highest tourist density in Europe. However the city is known for intermittent abrupt heavy showers. The Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) operates public libraries in Paris, among them the François Mitterrand Library, Richelieu Library, Louvois, Opéra Library, and Arsenal Library. For the executive, the two chief officers each have their own official residences, which also serve as their offices. A greater administrative Seine department had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to maintain as a unique entity. Paris' largest cinema room today is in the Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seats. The Hotel Meurice, opened for British travellers in 1817, was one of the first luxury hotels in Paris. [83] In 2011, the City of Paris and the national government approved the plans for the Grand Paris Express, totalling 205 kilometres (127 miles) of automated metro lines to connect Paris, the innermost three departments around Paris, airports and high-speed rail (TGV) stations, at an estimated cost of €35 billion. [60], By 1901, the population of Paris had grown to 2,715,000. [156], These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The most expensive residential streets in Paris in 2018 by average price per square meter were Avenue Montaigne (8th arrondissement), at 22,372 Euros per square meter; Place Dauphine (1st arrondissement; 20,373 euros) and Rue de Furstemberg (6th arrondissement) at 18,839 Euros per square meter. They are also pejoratively called Parigots ([paʁiɡo] ( listen)). Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Key figures and rankings about brands and companies, Consumer insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about regions and countries, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Insights into the world's most important technology markets, Figures and insights about the advertising and media world, Everything you need to know about the industry development, Find studies from all around the internet. The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. Then you will be able to mark statistics as favourites and use personal statistics alerts. Gas lights were installed on the Place du Carrousel, Rue de Rivoli and Place Vendome in 1829. The café arrived in Paris in the 17th century, when the beverage was first brought from Turkey, and by the 18th century Parisian cafés were centres of the city's political and cultural life. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded City of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement. Please see our, Number of inhabitants of the city of Paris, France, by gender 2019, Number of immigrants in France 2016, by age group, Share of the population by nationality status in France in 2018, Population by nationality status in France in 2018, Share of urban population in France from 1960-2018, Rural population share in France 2006-2018, Population density by region in France in 2020, Distribution of French population as of 2020, by region, Life expectancy by gender in France 2004-2019, Men life expectancy by region in France 2019, Women life expectancy by region France 2019, Number of births in France from 2004-2018, Number of male births in France from 2004-2018, Number of female births in France from 2004-2018, Share of the population by marital status in France 2006-2018, Share of the male population by marital status in France 2006-2018, Share of the female population by marital status France 2006-2018, Average age at first wedding in France from 2004-2018, by gender, Number of same-sex marriages in France 2013-2019, Number of heterosexual marriages in France from 2004-2019, Number of civil partnerships in France 1999-2018, Share of families with one child in France from 1990-2017, Number of families with one child in France from 1990-2017, Share of families with two children in France from 1990-2017, Number of families with two children in France from 1990-2017, Share of families with three children in France from 1990-2017, Number of families with three children in France from 1990-2017, Share of families with four children or more in France from 1990-2017, Number of families with four children or more in France from 1990-2017, Number of people living in Bordeaux, France by gender 2014, Number of people living in Nice, France, by gender 2014, Number of people living in Lille by gender in France 2014, Number of people living in Marseille, France 2016, by gender, Number of people living in Lens by gender in France 2015, Number of people living in Saint-Denis by gender in France 2014, Number of people living in Lyon, France 2016, by gender, Number of people living in Saint-Étienne, France, by gender 2014, Number of people living in Toulouse, France, by gender 2014, Share of Polish population living alone 2007-2016, Share of Swiss population living alone 2007-2016, Share of Bulgarian population living alone 2007-2016, Share of Norwegian population living alone 2007-2016, Share of Austrian population living alone 2007-2016, Share of Italian population living alone 2006-2015, Share of United Kingdom population living alone 2007-2016, Share of German population living alone 2007-2016, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Tools and Tutorials explained in our Media Centre, a variety cultural events like nowhere else in France, air pollution is becoming a rampant issue, there were 1,017 residents per square kilometer in Ile-de-France, the cities with the highest tourist density in Europe. The district also includes a large concentration of department stores, shopping areas, hotels and restaurants, as well a government offices and ministries. After a tentative creation of several smaller suburban cemeteries, the Prefect Nicholas Frochot under Napoleon Bonaparte provided a more definitive solution in the creation of three massive Parisian cemeteries outside the city limits. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated. [310] The air pollution in Paris, from the point of view of particulate matter (PM10), is the highest in France with 38 μg/m³. [159], A further 103,648 in the City of Paris and in 412,114 in the Paris Region were born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth. In 1137, a new city marketplace (today's Les Halles) replaced the two smaller ones on the Île de la Cité and Place de la Grève (Place de l'Hôtel de Ville). [159] 26,700 of these in the City of Paris and 210,159 in the Paris Region were people born in Overseas France (more than two-thirds of whom in the French West Indies) and are therefore not counted as immigrants since they were legally French citizens at birth. [137], Crime in Paris is similar to that in most large cities. 2,885 were living in the streets or parks, 298 in train and metro stations, and 756 in other forms of temporary shelter. The Sainte-Geneviève Library is in 5th arrondissement; designed by Henri Labrouste and built in the mid-1800s, it contains a rare book and manuscript division. [59] Paris became the laboratory of Naturalism (Émile Zola) and Symbolism (Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine), and of Impressionism in art (Courbet, Manet, Monet, Renoir). [68], In the years after the peace conference, the city was also home to growing numbers of students and activists from French colonies and other Asian and African countries, who later became leaders of their countries, such as Ho Chi Minh, Zhou Enlai and Léopold Sédar Senghor. Since then, Paris has been the centre of the French publishing industry, the home of some of the world's best-known writers and poets, and the setting for many classic works of French literature. [194] In 2011, while only 56,927 construction workers worked in Paris itself,[200] its metropolitan area employed 246,639,[198] in an activity centred largely on the Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378)[201] and Hauts-de-Seine (37,303)[202] departments and the new business-park centres appearing there. Tennis is another popular sport in Paris and throughout France; the French Open, held every year on the red clay of the Roland Garros National Tennis Centre,[286] is one of the four Grand Slam events of the world professional tennis tour. The council is composed of 163 members, with each arrondissement allocated a number of seats dependent upon its population, from 10 members for each of the least-populated arrondissements (1st through 9th) to 34 members for the most populated (the 15th). [167], According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. [284] Paris has most recently been the host for UEFA Euro 2016, both at the Parc des Princes in the city proper and also at Stade de France, with the latter hosting the opening match and final. [263], Today, due to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. He built five new bridges, a new chapel for the College of Sorbonne, and a palace for himself, the Palais-Cardinal, which he bequeathed to Louis XIII. [222] Italian artists were a profound influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in sculpture and reliefs. Please log in to access our additional functions, *Duration: 12 months, billed annually, single license, The ideal entry-level account for individual users. Political violence is uncommon, though very large demonstrations may occur in Paris and other French cities simultaneously. Paris is often referred to as the 'City of Light' (La Ville Lumière),[18] both because of its leading role during the Age of Enlightenment and more literally because Paris was one of the first large European cities to use gas street lighting on a grand scale on its boulevards and monuments. On 28 March, a revolutionary government called the Paris Commune seized power in Paris. [185] The story is similar in the Paris Region (Île-de-France): 76.7 percent of enterprises are engaged in commerce and services, and 3.4 percent in industry. [119] The council of each arrondissement is composed of members of the Conseil de Paris and also members who serve only on the council of the arrondissement. The city also hosted the finals of the 1938 FIFA World Cup (at the Stade Olympique de Colombes), as well as the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the 2007 Rugby World Cup Final (both at the Stade de France). [102] Each year, however, there are a few days when the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano (who lives in Paris), based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s–1970s. He began erecting monuments to military glory, including the Arc de Triomphe, and improved the neglected infrastructure of the city with new fountains, the Canal de l'Ourcq, Père Lachaise Cemetery and the city's first metal bridge, the Pont des Arts. [4] According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second most expensive city in the world, after Singapore, and ahead of Zürich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva. It became a prosperous city with a forum, baths, temples, theatres, and an amphitheatre. After the marshland between the river Seine and its slower 'dead arm' to its north was filled in around the 10th century,[34] Paris' cultural centre began to move to the Right Bank. Fortification of the Île de la Cité failed to avert sacking by Vikings in 845, but Paris' strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86), for which the then Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Odo of France, was elected king of West Francia. Troubadours, from the south of France, were also popular. Among the Trouvères of northern France, a group of Parisian aristocrats became known for their poetry and songs. No – Was It Before? By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning, housing and protection of the environment. Register in seconds and access exclusive features.

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