They may be very large, as in the case of Arabia, or quite small. Yucatan Peninsula synonyms, Yucatan Peninsula pronunciation, Yucatan Peninsula translation, English dictionary definition of Yucatan Peninsula. As participant in this expedition, Bartolomé’s eyewitness account should be deemed fairly reliable. [23] The deeply buried Chicxulub crater is centered off the north coast of the peninsula near the town of Chicxulub. ... Ch. It is covered with a layer of thin, dry soil, formed through a slow weathering of the coral rocks. Mérida in Yucatán state and its surrounding region is densely populated. Archaeological sites—including Chichén Itzá and Uxmal (designated UNESCO World Heritage sites in 1988 and 1996, respectively), as well as Tulum in Mexico—and the development of a transportation network have made tourism one of the major economic activities of the peninsula. The dry season lasts from December to May, and the hottest months are May and June. Stinnesbeck compared the new bones to old photographs of Chan Hol 2 and showed that the two skeletons represent different individuals. The Yucatec people were first contacted by Europeans in 1511. Yucatán , officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán, is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. The major source of water in modern and ancient Yucatán, cenotes are also associated with the cult of the rain gods, or Chacs. Since the 1960s, it has been heavily promoted by the Mexican government, as "an industry without smokestacks." Historical Mayan sites to visit in Mexico. In 2020, an underwater archaeological expedition led by Jerónimo Avilés excavated Chan Hol cave, near the Tulum archaeological site in the state of Quintana Roo on the peninsula, and revealed the skeleton of a woman approximately 30 years of age who lived at least 9,900 years ago. (Placename) a peninsula of Central America between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, including the Mexican states of Campeche, Yucatán, and Quintana Roo, and part of Belize: a centre of Mayan civilization from about 100 bc to the 18th century. The Spanish invasion and subjugation of the Maya peoples of the Yucatán Peninsula, the highlands of Chiapas, and the lowlands stretching into the Guatemalan Petén contrasted sharply with their swift defeat of the Aztec Empire in 1519–21. They hide in plain sight, particularly in the Yucatán Peninsula, which encompasses the states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo. Breezes can have a cooling effect, humidity is generally high, particularly in the remaining rainforest areas. Visit Mexico, there is lots to see and do. [7][8][9] This origin story was first told by Hernán Cortés in his letters to Charles V.[10][11][12] Later 16th century historians Motolinia and Francisco López de Gómara also repeat this version. A peninsula in Central America extending into the Gulf of Mexico between the Bay of Campeche and the Caribbean Sea. Oil was also found in certain parts of the Yucatán, bringing in more economic opportunities. Due to its coastal location, the whole of the peninsula is underlain by an extensive contiguous density stratified coastal aquifer, where a fresh water lens formed from meteoric water floats on top of intruding saline water from the coastal margins. In 1525 the inland part of the peninsula was traversed by Cortés during an expedition to Honduras. The Chicxulub crater (/ ˈ tʃ iː k ʃ ʊ l uː b /; Mayan: [tʃʼikʃuluɓ]) is an impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. The rocks are covered by a thin soil layer, formed from the weathered rocks. The Mayan culture also extended south of the Yucatán Peninsula into Guatemala, Honduras and into the highlands of Chiapas. The Yucatán Peninsula is a region of southeastern Mexico, consisting of the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo.. Human presence on the Yucatán Peninsula reaches back to the Late Pleistocene. Today, the great quality guayaberas are a Yucatan contribution to the world. They may be very large, as in the case of Arabia, or quite small. The proper derivation of the word Yucatán is widely debated. To find out more about Mexico’s marvelous beaches, read my post “The 13 Best Beaches in Mexico.” Visiting Tulum is one of the greatest things to do in Yucatan. A similar problem is encountered when one tries to pin down the origin of the name Yucatan to the report Bartolomé Colón (Cristóbal Colón’s brother) wrote regarding Colón’s fourth voyage to the New world in 1502. Tulum was a major trading and religious centre between the 11th and 16th centuries CE and, dramatically situated near the sea, it is one of the most evocative ancient sites in Mexico. [6] There are many Maya archaeological sites throughout the peninsula; some of the better-known are Chichen Itza, Coba, Tulum and Uxmal. The peninsula is almost wholly composed of beds of coralline and porous limestone rocks, forming a low tableland that rises gradually toward the south. The peninsula lies east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a northeastern geographic partition separating the region of Central America from the rest of North America. The least populated part of the peninsula is Quintana Roo which is a state located in the Southeastern part of Mexico. The existence of the crater has been supported by evidence including the aforementioned "Ring of Cenotes", as well as the presence of impact debris such as shocked quartz and tektites, a type of glass formed during meteorite impacts. [16], According to study lead researcher Wolfgang Stinnesbeck, "It really looks as if this woman had a very hard time and an extremely unhappy end of her life. [6][26], Short and tall tropical jungles are the predominant natural vegetation types of the Yucatán Peninsula. Castillo has also operated independent music blog La Caverna for over 20 years, noting a troubling lack of media coverage in the region. The boundaries between northern Guatemala (El Petén), Mexico (Campeche and Quintana Roo), and western Belize are still occupied by the largest continuous tracts of tropical rainforest in Central America. The modern history of the Yucatán, long called Mayapán by the Mexicans, began with the expedition of Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, a Spanish adventurer from Cuba, who discovered the east coast of the Yucatán in February 1517 while on a slave-hunting expedition. This a list of peninsulas ordered alphabetically by continent or region and by Juan Luis Pena Chapa, Manuel Martin Castillo, and Juan Carlos Gonzalez Avila, This page was last edited on 24 March 2021, at 14:11. a mix of beaches, jungles, and history that has become a magnet for tourism. Chichén Itzá is an ancient Mayan city located on the Yucatán Peninsula. Sinkholes, known locally as cenotes, are widespread in the northern lowlands. There is a highway network, and Cancún and other major tourist centres are linked to Mexico City and international destinations by air. Many people in the countryside continue to live off the land, cooking pibil in earthen pits. [7][12] Others theories claim that it is a derivative of Chontal Tabascan word yokat'an meaning speaker of the Yoko ochoco language, or an incorrect Nahuatl term yokatlan as supposedly "place of richness" (yohcāuh can't be paired with tlán). The Maya today. The Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico and the Caribbean are very dependent on tourism and the employment it creates. John Lloyd Stephens and his traveling companion Frederick Catherwood are probably the most famous couple of Mayan explorers. Osteological evidence comes from submerged caves and sinkholes (cenotes) near Tulum in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. The total area of the peninsula is approximately 180,000 sq km. The House of Turtles (foreground), the Pyramid of the Magician (right), and the Nunnery Quadrangle, Uxmal, Yucatán, Mexico. a peninsula in Central America, between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Yucatán Peninsula, a northeastern projection of Central America, lying between the Gulf of Mexico to the west and north and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The three Mexican states in the Yucatán region have a predominantly Maya population. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. In terms of ethnic composition, a majority of the population consisted of both Maya and Mestizos.[21]. …civilization is also known in Yucatán, where some temple pyramids of enormous size are datable to the Late Formative. In 1518 Juan de Grijalva followed the same route. The peninsula is mainly a low-lying plain composed of limestones. Among the American-born in Mexico the peninsulars were contemptuously called gachupines (“those with spurs”) and in South Not to be confused with its Spanish counterpart, this sleepy colonial city … There are no rivers in the Yucatán; the regular high rainfall (1,300 mm or about 50 inches of rain falls every year) simply trickles through its calcareous landscape. [5][6], The proper derivation of the word Yucatán is widely debated. World History Video Newsletter Featured ... One of the greatest scars on our planet is hidden beneath the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The majority of the population in the Yucatán consists of Maya and mestizos (those of mixed Indian and European ancestry). Yucatán (Spanish pronunciation: ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.It is divided in 106 municipalities, and its capital city is Mérida.. Yucatán definition: a state of SE Mexico , occupying the N part of the Yucatán peninsula . The ancient site, preserved like a time capsule deep in a Mexican cave system, gives a … Since the 1970s, the Yucatán Peninsula has reoriented its economy towards tourism, especially in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Tikal is a complex of Mayan ruins deep in the rainforests of northern Guatemala. This particular territory is full of nature, magic jungles, pristine beaches, and Mayan vestiges. From Maya temples to a makeshift car wash, these four cenotes offer outdoor adventure, fascinating history, and … Throughout its nearly 1,000-year history, different peoples have left their mark on the city. [22] Once a small fishing village, Cancún in the northeast of the peninsula has grown into a thriving city. Logging and chicle industries are important in Belize. The Olmec civilization is the name given to a sophisticated central American culture, with its heyday between 1200 and 400 BCE. Middle History The first two Spanish explorers to reach the Yucatán Peninsula, Jerónimo de Aguilar and Gonzalo Guerrero, were the survivors of a shipwreck in 1511. The Caste War of Yucatán (1847–1901) began with the revolt of native Maya people of Yucatán against the population of European descent (called Yucatecos) in political and economic control.A lengthy war ensued between the Yucateco forces in the north-west of the Yucatán and the independent Maya in the south-east. If that age is accurate, the skeleton—along with three others found in underwater caves along the Caribbean coast of the Yucatán Peninsula—could provide new clues to how the Americas were first populated. 11 World History 39 terms. The Chicxulub crater on the Yucatan peninsula is believed to be the most likely site of the asteroid impact responsible for the demise of the dinosaurs. Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula is home to some of the best-preserved examples of architecture and urban settlements from the pinnacle of Maya culture, the Late Classical Period (A.D. 800-1000). A cenote (seh-NOH-tay) is the Maya term for a natural freshwater sinkhole, a geological feature found in the northern Yucatán Peninsula of Mexico, and other similar landscapes throughout the world. Until the 20th century, the Yucatán was more closely connected with Europe and the United States than with the rest of Mexico, and the people of the Yucatán (mainly Maya) have generally eschewed being called “Mexicans.” Not until 1957 was a narrow-gauge railway line to mainland Mexico widened, thus facilitating the movement of heavy freight. Ancient Maya believed that the rain god Chaak resided in caves and natural wells called cenotes. Three different scars on the skull of the woman showed that she was hit with something hard and her skull bones were broken. 11,000-year-old mine in underwater cave surprises archaeologists. The Yucatán was the home of the Maya civilization before it was conquered by the Spanish Conquistadors in the 16th century. Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico. In 1519 a third expedition, under the conquistador Hernán Cortés, clashed with the inhabitants of Cozumel Island. The Chichen Itza Pyramid or El Castillo is the most astonishing Mayan Ruin or building inside the Archaeological Site. The nature is lush and the beaches as beautiful as one can imagine. The best-known locations are the former fishing town of Playa del Carmen, the ecological parks Xcaret and Xel-Há and the Maya ruins of Tulum and Coba. Meaning of yucatán. Aside from tourism, another source of income that is important in the Peninsula is logging as well as chicle industries specifically in Belize. [12], The Yucatán Peninsula is the site of the Chicxulub crater impact, which was created 66 million years ago by an asteroid of about 10 to 15 kilometers (6 to 9 miles) in diameter at the end of the Cretaceous Period.[14]. Most of the peninsula receives adequate rainfall throughout the year. Updates? Its center is located offshore near the communities of Chicxulub Puerto and Chicxulub Pueblo, after which the crater is named. Corn (maize), sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, coffee, and henequen (for sisal hemp) are cultivated throughout the peninsula. Chichen Itza: At the brim of the well where the Wise Men of the Water Live.This is what Chichen Itza means in Maya. Join us to discover 20 places to visit around the Yucatan Peninsula. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). By 1549 Montejo had succeeded in establishing Spanish rule over barely half the peninsula, but it was never extended farther. Oil has been discovered in several parts of the Yucatán, and there is a gas field at Xicalango and offshore oil fields near the Bay of Campeche. ... What is the city on the northeast edge of the Yucatan Peninsula that is not only a popular location for tourists traveling on land, but also a frequent stop for cruise ships? Although these storms pummel the area with heavy rains and high winds, they tend to be short-lived, clearing after about an hour. The fusion of Mayan construction techniques with new elements from central Mexico make Chichen-Itza one of the most important examples of the Mayan-Toltec civilization in Yucatán. A large land mass in southeast Mexico that creates a partial border between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The peninsula has a mean breadth of about 200 miles (320 km) and a coastline of about 700 miles (1,100 km). It was characterized by the purging of many lines of animals that were important, including nearly all of the dinosaurs and many marine invertebrates. Most of the Yucatán Peninsula belongs to Mexico; the southeastern region includes parts of Guatemala and Belize. The conquest of the peninsula was undertaken in 1527 by Francisco de Montejo, who encountered a more vigorous opposition than did Cortés. Today, the great quality guayaberas are a Yucatan contribution to the world. [7][8] There are many possibilities of what the natives could have actually said, among which "mathan cauyi athán", "tectecán", "ma'anaatik ka t'ann" and "ci u t'ann". In 1847 another revolt followed, and the Maya were virtually independent throughout most of the peninsula almost until the beginning of the administration of Porfirio Díaz (1877). Three decades later the western part of the Yucatan Peninsula fell to Spanish rule. The name refers to the Iberian Peninsula. Her skull also had crater-like deformations and tissue deformities that appeared to be caused by a bacterial relative of syphilis. The cenotes have long been relied on by ancient and contemporary Maya people. I can safely say that the cenotes around Valladolid, in Yucatan… There is good fishing all along the coasts, and there are many excellent beaches, especially those at Cancún, which has become a major tourist destination and resort area. Encompassing some 76,300 square miles (197,600 square km), it includes the Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán and, in … The Yucatan Peninsula is one of the most popular resort getaways in the world, attracting millions of visitors each year who want to take advantage of the sunny beaches and all-inclusive resorts of a Mexico vacation.But there’s also more to the peninsula … For example, the rich Yucatan people who visited Cuba brought back Cuban guayaberas (a type of short) to the peninsula, having success throughout the population, and Yucatan adopted this way of dressing and ¨nationalized¨ it from Yucatan. Cenotes vary in size and recent discoveries have shown that cenotes lead to a series of underground cave systems spanning several miles in length. The climate of the northern Yucatán is hot and dry, and the absence of high mountainous ridges to intercept the moisture-bearing clouds from the Atlantic results in a limited rainfall. The thousands of sinkholes known as cenotes throughout the region provide access to the groundwater system. Cenote, (from Maya dz’onot), natural well or reservoir, common in the Yucatán Peninsula, formed when a limestone surface collapses, exposing water underneath. The Yucatán Peninsula (/ˌjuːkəˈtɑːn/,[1] also UK: /ˌjʊk-/,[2] US: /-ˈtæn, ˌjuːkɑːˈtɑːn/;[1][3][4] Spanish: Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel. Chichen Itza, located at the northern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula of modern Mexico, was a Maya city which was later significantly influenced by the Toltec civilization.Flourishing between c. 750 and 1200 CE, the site is rich in monumental architecture and sculpture which promote themes of militarism and displays imagery of jaguars, eagles, and feathered-serpents. Encompassing some 76,300 square miles (197,600 square km), it includes the Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán and, in the south, large parts of Belize and Guatemala. While mainly in Mexico, it includes Belize and the northern potion of Guatemala. Where is the Yucatan Peninsula located? Starting in Quintana Roo and continuing through Yucatan state. [20], Population throughout the Yucatan Peninsula is very different throughout each part of the Peninsula. The crater measures between 180 and 240 kilometres across, indicating an impactor of colossal size, the biggest impact confirmed on Earth. It is divided into 106 municipalities, and its capital city is Mérida. Places such as Xcaret are a chance to see Maya culture and costumes but the Maya are also all around you when you travel in Mexico. [12] In some versions the expedition is not the one captained by Córdoba but instead the one a year later captained by Juan de Grijalva. Where is the Yucatan Peninsula located? The history of this… Chelem’s “El Precio de la Historia” The Price of History in Yucatan, a vibrant and unique place Progreso, Yucatán, (April 08, 2021).- Up on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, between the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, the dense, tropical jungle is littered with sinkholes called cenotes, where limestone has collapsed to expose the groundwater below. The Yucatán, which sits at the end of Mexico's curling peninsula, is often described as Mayan, and it was a vital cog in the old empire. For example, the rich Yucatan people who visited Cuba brought back Cuban guayaberas (a type of short) to the peninsula, having success throughout the population, and Yucatan adopted this way of dressing and ¨nationalized¨ it from Yucatan. The southeastern Mexican state of Quintana Roo is the least populated part of the peninsula. 2. However, these forests are suffering extensive deforestation.[2]. After the Spanish conquest, Yucatán Peninsula was a single administrative and political entity, the Captaincy General of Yucatán. The population of the Yucatán varies considerably in both density and ethnic composition. The Maya and Toltec vision of the world and the universe is revealed in their stone monuments and artistic works. [13] The second major theory is that the name is in some way related to the yuca crop, as written by Bernal Díaz del Castillo. Where the rocky surface is perforated, there are natural sinkholes and caverns, around which the Maya had built their cities and ceremonial centres. Most of the Yucatán Peninsula belongs to Mexico; the southeastern region includes parts of Guatemala and Belize. [6] Sinkholes, known locally as cenotes, are widespread in the northern lowlands. a mix of beaches, jungles, and history that has become a magnet for tourism. Yucatan has a glorious history, of which the unique archaeological sites are just one inheritance. Bird life abounds, especially turkeys, quails, and parrots. The Riviera Maya, which stretches along the east coast of the peninsula between Cancún and Tulum, houses over 50,000 beds. Animal life includes deer, jaguar, wild boar, monkeys, snakes, and iguanas. ... which by the definition … According to craniometric measurements, the skull is believed to conform to the mesocephalic pattern, like the other three skulls found in Tulum caves. Cenotes are formed after subterraneal rock is dissolved, exposing underground water. The surface caves in and forms a pit. K–T extinction, a global extinction event responsible for eliminating approximately 80 percent of all animal species about 66 million years ago. Yucatán Peninsula, Spanish Península de Yucatán, a northeastern projection of Central America, lying between the Gulf of Mexico to the west and north and the Caribbean Sea to the east. a peninsula in Central America, between the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. The Yucatán seceded from Mexico in 1839 and kept its independence until 1843. Like much of the Caribbean, the peninsula lies within the Atlantic Hurricane Belt, and with its almost uniformly flat terrain it is vulnerable to these large storms coming from the east, and the area has been devastated by many hurricanes, such as Hurricane Gilbert, Hurricane Emily, Hurricane Wilma, and Hurricane Dean. There are many possibilities of what the natives could have actually said, among which "mathan cauyi athán", "tectecán… But this was the beginning of the Spanish colonization of … Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico.

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